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Israel Bingung dan Ribut Sendiri Soal Gaza,Hamas Masih Bercokol dan Atur Alur Skenario Perang

Israel Bingung dan Ribut Sendiri Soal Gaza, Hamas Masih Bercokol dan Atur Alur Skenario Perang

Pemimpin negara tersebut sedang memperdebatkan apakah akan menyerang Gaza selatan atau mencapai kesepakatan sementara mengenai sandera, lapor Jerusalem Post

Kepemimpinan militer dan sipil Israel terlibat dalam perpecahan “di tingkat tertinggi” mengenai langkah selanjutnya yang harus diambil di Gaza.

Laporan Jerusalem Post pada Kamis (18/11/2023), mengutip sumber yang mengetahui diskusi tersebut, menyebut kebingungan Israel dalam menentukan langkah ke depan terhadap Gaza terbagi atas beberapa pilihan.

Pilihan yang ada dilaporkan termasuk memperluas operasi militer yang sedang berlangsung ke bagian selatan wilayah kantong Palestina.

Opsi lain adalah mencapai kesepakatan sementara dengan kelompok militan Hamas dengan menukar setidaknya beberapa sandera Israel untuk beberapa hari gencatan senjata.

Opsi lain adalah membebaskan tahanan Palestina.

Menurut surat kabar tersebut, bahkan jika kemungkinan bahwa Israel dan Hamas hampir mencapai kesepakatan, itu hanya akan memperlambat upaya Israel masuk ke Gaza selatan.

Artinya, Israel bersikukuh akan tetap melebarkan invasi militernya ke Gaza Selatan setelah tidak mendapatkan apa yang mereka cari seusai bombardemen Gaza Utara.

Hamas Masih Bercokol dan Atur Alur Skenario Perang
Baik kepemimpinan militer maupun sipil di Israel telah berulang kali berjanji untuk menghancurkan Hamas dan menjamin pembebasan sandera Israel yang ditangkap oleh kelompok Palestina pada awal konflik.
“Sejauh ini, Israel belum membuat banyak kemajuan dalam mencapai tujuan terakhirnya,” demikian laporan media tersebut.

Laporan menambahkan kalau sekarang mungkin merupakan momen ketika “penyeimbangan” dari dua tujuan yang dicanangkan tersebut terjadi.

Secara spesifik, langkah Israel ini menggambarkan kegagalan atas upaya mereka mengacak-acak Gaza Utara demi memburu Hamas.

Nyatanya, niat Israel untuk memperlebar invasinya ke Gaza selatan menunjukkan kalau di Gaza Utara ‘tidak ada apa-apa’ yang mereka cari selain kematian puluhan ribu warga sipil dan kutukan segambreng negara internasional atas serangan-serangan ke rumah sakit dan fasilitas sipil lainnya.

Fakta lainnya, Hamas justru masih bisa bercokol dan melancarkan serangan-serangan mematikan ke tentara Israel di Gaza.

Terlebih, Hamas dinilai sejumlah pengamat, masih mengontrol alur skenario konflik bermodal ratusan sandera Israel yang masih belum ditemukan IDF.

Laporan terbaru menyebut, Pemimpin gerakan Hamas di Gaza, Yahya Sinwar, menyetop segala bentuk upaya negosiasi setelah tentara Israel menyerbu Kompleks Medis Al-Shifa.

Surat kabar Israel Yedioth Ahronoth, menggambarkan kalau pemimpin Hamas tersebut menjalankan taktik negosiasi yang bikin dongkol Israel.

“Awalnya yang dibicarakan adalah pelepasan 100, lalu jumlahnya turun menjadi 80, dan kemarin kami hanya mencapai 50,” katanya.

Dengan kata lain, menurut laporan tersebut, Sinwar dapat, atas kemauannya pihaknya, melepaskan 10 orang per hari, dan atas kemauannya sendiri, berhenti melepaskan karena dia tidak puas dengan sesuatu, mengetahui bahwa tentara Israel tidak akan terburu-buru untuk kembali beroperasi, ” tulis laporan itu.

Terlepas dari kekuatan luar biasa yang ditunjukkan Isarel di Gaza lewat bombardemennya tanpa pandang bulu, sejumlah pengamat menilai, sikap Sinwar ini menunjukkan kalau Hamas masih aktif mengontrol alur dan skenario konflik.

Israel Bersiap Gempur Gaza Selatan
Belum habisnya Hamas membuat tentara Israel bernafsu ke Gaza Selatan setelah tak meraih hasil signifikan di Gaza Utara.

Laporan Jerusalem Post menunjukkan kalau militer Israel tampaknya ‘bersemangat’ untuk terus berperang, apa pun yang terjadi.

Pada Kamis, kepala staf Pasukan Pertahanan Israel (IDF), Letnan Jenderal Herzi Halevi, secara jelas mengatakan bahwa dia akan bergerak lebih jauh ke selatan, jika keputusan ada di tangannya.

“Pada saat yang sama, Menteri Pertahanan Israel Yoav Gallant berbicara tentang memindahkan perang ke “tahapan” baru namun tidak mengatakan apa pun tentang serangan di bagian selatan Gaza,” kata surat kabar itu.

Eskalasi terbaru antara Hamas dan Israel dimulai pada tanggal 7 Oktober, ketika kelompok militan Palestina melancarkan serangan mendadak di selatan negara itu, menembus perbatasan di beberapa lokasi.

Kelompok ini menyandera puluhan orang, baik militer maupun sipil, dan menahan mereka di Gaza sejak saat itu.

Hanya sebagian kecil yang dibebaskan, sementara beberapa sandera terbunuh oleh serangan udara Israel selama operasi di Gaza, klaim Hamas.

Israel menanggapi serangan tersebut dengan bombardemen besar-besaran di Gaza, yang mengakibatkan banyak korban sipil dan kehancuran luas di wilayah kantong tersebut.

IDF juga melancarkan operasi darat, membelah daerah kantong itu menjadi dua dan memusatkan perhatian di utara, tempat militer Israel berhasil menguasai wilayah yang luas.

Gagasan yang dianut oleh beberapa orang adalah bahwa posisi strategis IDF di bagian utara Gaza berarti mereka dapat mengambil “jeda alami” sambil memperluas operasinya ke selatan.

“Namun, pergerakan ke wilayah selatan akan mengharuskan militer mengerahkan “pasukan udara, laut, dan darat dalam jumlah besar” dan “menggerakkan kompleks logistik yang sangat besar” di seluruh negeri untuk mempertahankannya,” laporan Jerusalem Post memperingatkan.

Kenapa Negara-Negara Arab Tidak Membantu Palestina?

Konflik Israel-Palestina yang telah berjalan beberapa dekade masih terus bergulir.

Menyusul serangan rudal kelompok perlawanan Hamas pada 7 Oktober 2023, Israel langsung menyatakan perang dan membombardir Jalur Gaza.

Serangan Israel tidak hanya dijatuhkan di titik yang diperkirakan sebagai markas Hamas, tetapi juga di area pengungsian dan rumah sakit.

Pada 15 November 2023, Kementerian Kesehatan yang dikelola Hamas di Gaza mengatakan jumlah korban tewas di Jalur Gaza selama 40 hari terakhir mencapai 11.500 orang, termasuk 4.710 anak-anak.

Agresi Israel terhadap warga sipil Palestina di Gaza mendapat kecaman dari banyak negara, termasuk negara-negara Arab.

Namun, kecaman negara-negara Arab dinilai tidak ada artinya tanpa ada aksi yang lebih nyata untuk membantu Palestina.

Lantas, mengapa negara-negara Arab tidak membantu Palestina?

Sebab lembeknya dukungan negara Arab untuk Palestina
Melansir Al Jazeera, Israel percaya bahwa negara-negara Arab saat ini sudah terpecah-belah, sehingga sulit menghasilkan keputusan tegas untuk bertindak membantu Palestina secara memadai.

Pudarnya solidaritas dalam mendukung Palestina tidak lain disebabkan oleh kepentingan politik dan ekonomi negara-negara Arab dengan Amerika Serikat (AS), sekutu utama Israel.

Bahkan per tahun 2020, sebanyak enam negara Arab tercatat telah menormalisasi hubungannya dengan Israel.

Enam negara tersebut adalah Mesir (1979), Yordania (1994), Uni Emirat Arab (2020), Bahrain (2020), Sudan (2020), dan Maroko (2020).

Saat ini, Arab Saudi juga dalam tahap perundingan untuk menormalisasi hubungannya dengan Israel.

Maka tidak mengherankan, ketika perang Hamas-Israel kembali membuncah pada awal Oktober 2023, para pemimpin negara Arab baru merespons setelah publik Arab menegaskan bahwa mereka tidak akan mentoleransi kekejaman Israel terhadap 2,3 juta warga Palestina di Gaza.

Dalam pertemuan Liga Arab di Kairo, Mesir, pada 11 Oktober 2023, menteri luar negeri negara-negara Arab mengutuk pembunuhan dan penargetan warga sipil yang dilakukan dua belah pihak (Israel dan Hamas).

Mereka juga tidak tegas menyatakan perlunya perdamaian dan keadilan bagi warga sipil Palestina, yang seharusnya tidak menjadi target peperangan.

Dalam pertemuan puncak gabungan Islam-Arab di sela-sela KTT Organisasi Kerja Sama Islam (OKI) pada 16 Oktober 2023, sejumlah negara Arab seperti Iran, Algeria, dan Lebanon, meminta negara-negara Arab penghasil minyak untuk menerapkan embargo ke Israel.

Ketidakkompakan terlihat kala usulan tersebut ditolak oleh beberapa negara Arab yang telah menormalisasi hubungannya dengan Israel.

Semua negara Arab yang telah menormalisasi hubungannya dengan Israel yakni Mesir, Yordania, Uni Emirat Arab, Bahrain, Sudan, Maroko, ditambah Arab Saudi, Mauritania, dan Djibouti, menolak usulan embargo minyak sebagai sanksi untuk Israel.

Menteri Investasi Arab Saudi Khalid Al Falih beralasan pihaknya tidak ingin menggunakan sumber daya minyak sebagai alat untuk memengaruhi jalannya perang atau membuat Israel dan Hamas melakukan gencatan senjata.

Menurutnya, konflik harusnya diakhiri dengan diskusi damai, bukannya mengecam atau embargo minyak.

Setelah pengeboman Rumah Sakit Al-Ahli pada 17 Oktober yang menewaskan 470 orang Palestina, para pemimpin negara Arab baru bereaksi dengan lebih tegas.

Para menteri luar negeri negara-negara Arab akhirnya melobi anggota-anggota PBB untuk mengesahkan resolusi yang mengutuk serangan 7 Oktober dan kekejaman Israel, serta menyerukan gencatan senjata yang segera, berkelanjutan, dan mengarah pada penghentian permusuhan.

Resolusi itu diabaikan oleh Israel, yang justru melanjutkan serangan dan memutus telekomunikasi di Jalur Gaza selama 36 jam.

Apabila menengok ke belakang, dukungan negara-negara Arab untuk perjuangan Palestina memang terus berkurang.

Pada masa lalu, negara-negara Arab pernah berjuang bersama rakyat Palestina untuk menentang zionisme.

Berdirinya negara Israel pada 1948 tidak hanya membuat negara-negara Arab marah. Mereka pernah bersatu dalam perang melawan Israel.

Isu pembebasan Palestina pun selalu dijunjung dalam setiap kesempatan, tetapi akhirnya memudar. Dunia Arab berubah seiring ketergantungan mereka terhadap Amerika Serikat.

Hal itu dimulai dengan keputusan Presiden Mesir Anwar Sadat untuk menandatangani perjanjian damai dengan Israel pada 1979.

Tiga tahun kemudian, tidak ada yang mencoba menghentikan invasi Israel ke Lebanon, yang mengusir Organisasi Pembebasan Palestina (PLO) dari negara tersebut dan membuka jalan bagi kemunculan kelompok perjuangan Hizbullah di Lebanon pada 1982 dan Hamas di Palestina pada 1987.

Sejak itu hingga kini, rezim-rezim yang berkuasa di Arab terlihat semakin enggan untuk bersatu dan menyokong perjuangan Palestina.

Salah satu sebabnya, dunia Arab dilanda peperangan lain, termasuk di antaranya konflik Irak-Iran, invasi Irak ke Kuwait, Perang Teluk yang dipimpin oleh Amerika Serikat (AS), serta berbagai perang saudara setelah peristiwa Arab Spring (2011).

Sebenarnya, para pemimpin negara Arab umumnya tidak suka dengan Israel, tetapi mereka juga acuh tak acuh terhadap penderitaan rakyat Palestina.

Kurangnya persatuan dunia Arab membuka jalan bagi para kekuatan regional seperti Iran dan Turki, untuk memperluas pengaruh mereka sendiri, yang semakin mengancam keutuhan negara Arab.

Pengaruh Iran yang semakin besar dan kebijakan-kebijakannya yang kontroversial di sejumlah negara Arab mendorong sejumlah rezim untuk mencari sokongan yang lebih besar dari Amerika Serikat.

Sebagai bayarannya, mereka harus menormalisasi hubungannya dengan Israel, sekutu dekat AS.

Itulah mengapa, sejumlah pihak di Mesir, Arab Saudi, dan Uni Emirat Arab, justru menyalahkan Hamas yang didukung oleh Iran, sebagai pihak yang mendatangkan penderitaan bagi rakyat Palestina.

Meski publik Arab tetap gencar menyatakan dukungannya kepada rakyat Palestina, advokasi bagi perjuangan Palestina semakin sempit.

Ketidaksepakatan di antara negara-negara Arab dalam hal konflik Israel-Palestina semata-mata agar kepentingan politik dan ekonomi mereka bersama AS tetap langgeng.

Kendati kecaman atas kekejaman Israel terhadap warga sipil Palestina telah dilayangkan, tetapi negara-negara Arab juga secara blak-blakan menolak menerima pengungsi dari Palestina.

Mesir, satu-satunya negara Arab yang berbagi perbatasan dengan Jalur Gaza, dan Yordania, yang terletak di sebelah Tepi Barat, telah memperingatkan agar warga Palestina tidak dipaksa meninggalkan tanah mereka.

Presiden Mesir Abdel Fattah al-Sisi mengatakan bahwa penting bagi rakyat Palestina untuk tetap teguh dan berdiri di tanah mereka.

Senada dengan Raja Abdullah dari Yordania, yang menyerukan untuk mencegah meluasnya krisis Israel-Palestina ke negara-negara tetangga dan memperburuk masalah dengan pengungsi.

Dengan kata lain, negara-negara Arab tidak menerima pengungsi dari Palestina.

Namun, mereka melakukan berbagai cara untuk mencegah agar warga Palestina tidak diusir lagi oleh Israel dari tanah mereka sendiri.

Negara-negara Arab juga curiga bahwa Israel mungkin menggunakan kesempatan itu untuk mengusir rakyat Palestina dari tanahnya untuk selamanya.

Perang antara Hamas dan Israel dapat berlangsung selama bertahun-tahun.

Apabila rakyat Palestina mengungsi ke negara lain, pasti akan sulit bagi mereka untuk kembali karena Israel diyakini tidak akan membiarkan hal itu terjadi.

Di saat yang sama, sejumlah pihak menilai keputusan negara-negara Arab tersebut tidak tepat.

Dengan menolak membuka pintu bagi warga Palestina yang membutuhkan perlindungan, mereka tidak ada bedanya dari Hamas dan Israel itu sendiri.

Dihimpun dari berbagai sumber, beberapa sebab negara-negara Arab tidak membantu Palestina adalah perpecahan di dunia Arab, pudarnya solidaritas kawasan akibat kepentingan pribadi negara, serta hilangnya martabat negara-negara Arab dan penghormatan terhadap hak asasi manusia.

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