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10 Fakta Unik Rumah Adat Papua yang Penuh Filosofi Berharga


Indonesia dikenal sebagai tanah dengan ragam budaya, mulai dari kesenian, alat musik tradisional, pakaian, hingga rumah adat. Nah, salah satu yang menarik untuk dikulik lebih jauh adalah rumah adat Papua.

Jika selama ini kita mengenal Papua hanya memiliki rumah yang disebut Honai, ternyata rumah daerah paling timur Indonesia itu punya beberapa macam rumah tradisional, lho, Parents. Ada Honai, Ebeai, Wamai, Kariwari, Rumsram, dan  Korowai. Rumah adat tersebut sekilas tampak sama namun ternyata memiliki perbedaan dari segi arsitektur, fungsi, dan letaknya.

10 Fakta Menarik Rumah Adat Papua

1. Digolongkan Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin

10 Fakta Menarik Rumah Adat Papua, Bukan Cuma Honai, Lho!

Foto: Instagram/@erickk_visual

Fakta menarik pertama dari rumah adat Papua adalah nama dan penempatannya berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Untuk rumah Honai hanya boleh dihuni oleh kaum adam saja. Kata Honai sendiri berasal dari kata Husn yang berarti laki-laki dan Ai yang berarti rumah. Jika digabungkan artinya rumah laki-laki. 

Lantas, kaum perempuan tinggal di mana? Jenis rumah yang hanya dihuni oleh kaum hawa bernama Ebeai. Namun dari segi bentuk bangunan, sebenarnya rumah Ebeai tak berbeda dengan Honai.

Rumah Ebeai dihuni oleh para ibu beserta anak gadisnya. Dalam satu rumah ini biasanya terdapat 5 hingga 10 orang. Anak gadis yang siap menikah akan diajari bagaimana menjadi istri dan ibu yang baik.

2. Bentuk Unik Rumah Adat Papua

rumah adat papua

Foto: Instagram/@kataomed

Rumah tradisional Papua sangat mudah dikenali dari bentuk yang unik. Bentuk atap ada yang berbentuk kerucut dan ada juga yang berbentuk setengah lingkaran seperti kepala jamur. Sementara tinggi rumah adat ini hanya 2,5 meter saja dari tanah.

Untuk material, atap rumah biasanya terbuat dari rumbia dan jerami kering. Sedangkan, bagian dinding rumah terbuat dari kayu.

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3. Rumah Korowai Dibangun di Atas Pohon

rumah adat papua

Foto: Mongabay.co.id

Rumah pohon suku Korowai dibangun di atas dahan pohon, bentuknya seperti rumah pada umumnya. Ketinggian rumah pohon ini  dapat mencapai 15 hingga 50 meter. Seperti rumah adat Papua lain yang menggunakan material dari alam, rumah pohon suku Korowai juga menggunakan dedaunan kering yang dianyam sebagai atap.

Karena dibangun di atas pohon, penghuni rumah adat ini tidak akan diganggu binatang buas. Berdasarkan kepercayaan suku Korowai, pembangunan rumah yang tinggi ke atas juga bertujuan agar penghuninya tidak diganggu oleh laleo atau roh jahat.

Suku Korowai percaya bahwa semakin tinggi letak rumah, maka kemungkinan mendapat gangguan dari roh jahat semakin kecil. Kepercayaan ini telah ada sejak zaman nenek moyang dan masih diyakini hingga saat ini.

4. Rumah Adat Papua yang Multifungsi

rumah adat papua

Foto: Popbela

Tak hanya sebagai tempat tinggal, rumah tradisional Papua memiliki beragam fungsi. Di antaranya adalah sebagai kandang hewan ternak pada rumah Wamai, menyimpan hasil buruan, hasil panen, dan peralatan perang. 

Rumah adat Papua juga digunakan sebagai tempat pengasapan mumi. Kegiatan ini masih dilakukan di daerah pedalaman Papua seperti Desa Keluru dan Aikima. Pengasapan mumi di dalam rumah adat ini tak boleh dilakukan sembarang orang, melainkan oleh kepala suku.

5. Pembangunan Rumah Adat Papua Tidak boleh Sembarangan

10 Fakta Menarik Rumah Adat Papua, Bukan Cuma Honai, Lho!

Foto: Portal Informasi Indonesia

Meskipun terkesan sangat sederhana, rupanya rumah adat Papua tak boleh dibangun asal-asalan. Pada suku Dani misalnya, hanya laki-laki saja yang boleh membangun rumah Honai.

Selain itu, dalam pembangunan rumah juga harus memerhatikan waktu yang paling baik. Ini bertujuan agar dalam pembangunan tak terhambat oleh kondisi alam yang buruk.

Peletakan pintu rumah diharuskan menghadap ke arah matahari terbit. Pemilihan arah ini dimaksudkan agar penghuni rumah lebih siap dalam menghadapi ancaman bahaya, seperti terjadinya peperangan antar suku maupun bencana alam.

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6. Terbuat dari Bahan Alam

rumah adat papua

Foto: Instagram/@hernasusanti7547

Terlihat dari bentuk dan coraknya, pastinya Parents sudah bisa menilai jika rumah tradisional Papua semuanya terbuat dari bahan alam seperti kayu, tanah liat, akar, dan daun kering yang langsung didapatkan dari hutan. Pembangunan rumah tersebut juga tak menggunakan material modern.

7. Terdiri dari Dua Lantai

10 Fakta Menarik Rumah Adat Papua, Bukan Cuma Honai, Lho!

Foto: Instagram/@travelpapua

Meskipun terlihat kecil dan pendek ternyata rumah adat Papua terdiri dari dua lantai, lho. Setiap lantai dalam rumah memiliki fungsi yang berbeda.

Biasanya lantai satu digunakan untuk beraktivitas seperti memasak, membuat kerajinan, hingga untuk tidur beralaskan rumput kering. Sementara lantai dua biasanya digunakan sebagai tempat bersantai. Tiap lantai dihubungkan oleh tangga kayu. Rumah juga dilengkapi dengan perapian untuk menghangatkan diri di tengah iklim dingin daerah Papua.

8. Tidak Memiliki Jendela

10 Fakta Menarik Rumah Adat Papua, Bukan Cuma Honai, Lho!

Sumber Kompas

Keunikan lain adalah Honai tidak memiliki jendela dan hanya ada satu pintu! Hal ini bertujuan untuk melindungi dari suhu dingin, mengingat suhu di sana bisa mencapai 10-15 derajat celcius pada waktu malam. 

Sementara bentuk rumah dengan atap menutup hingga ke bawah ini ternyata bertujuan untuk melindungi seluruh permukaan dinding agar tidak terkena air hujan. Sekaligus dapat meredam hawa dingin agar tidak masuk ke dalam rumah. 

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9. Terinspirasi dari Sarang Burung

10 Fakta Menarik Rumah Adat Papua, Bukan Cuma Honai, Lho!

Sumber Detik

Tahukah Anda bahwa rumah suku Dani Papua ternyata terbentuk karena melihat kehidupan burung! Ya, nyatanya masyarakat Suku Dani sangat bergantung kepada alam.

Untuk bertahan hidup di alam terbuka, para leluhur memperhatikan burung yang sedang membuat sarang. Saat burung hendak bertelur, burung jantan dan betina akan terbang mengumpulkan ranting kayu dan rumput kering.

Ranting kayu dan rumput kering itu kemudian dibentuk menjadi sarang yang bulat. Anak burung yang baru lahir tinggal di sarang yang hangat itu. Dari pengamatan itu, masyarakat suku Dani mulai belajar membuat rumah yang dapat melindungi mereka dari cuaca panas, dingin, dan hujan.

Awalnya honai tidak menggunakan paku untuk sambungan atau memperkuat papan. Semua bahan pembuatan rumah honai sepenuhnya bisa didapat di alam bebas alias ramah lingkungan. Hebat ya!

10. Keajaiban Rumah Kariwari

10 Fakta Menarik Rumah Adat Papua, Bukan Cuma Honai, Lho!

Sumber Tanah Airku

Lupakan Honai, mari beralih ke rumah adat lain yaitu Kariwari. Bentuk octagon yang ujungnya lancip melambangkan kedekatan manusia dengan Tuhan dan para leluhur yang telah mendahului.

Dengan ketinggian 20-30 meter, rumah ini dibagi menjadi tiga tingkat yang masing-masing tingkatnya memiliki satu ruangan. Lantai pertama digunakan untuk mendidik remaja laki-laki agar siap menjadi laki-laki dewasa yang bertanggung jawab, terampil, dan kuat.

Jika anak laki-laki telah memasuki usia dua belas tahun, mereka dikumpulkan dan ditatar bagaimana cara mencari nafkah, bertanggung jawab pada keluarga, memiliki hidup yang mandiri, berburu, memahat, membuat senjata, teknik berperang, bercocok tanam ,dan lainnya.

Lantai kedua digunakan untuk pertemuan para kepala suku atau tokoh adat untuk membicarakan sesuatu yang penting. Sementara lantai ketiga digunakan untuk sembahyang dan memanjatkan selaksa doa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha kuasa dan para leluhur.

Rumah Kariwari terbuat dari kayu dan daun dari pohon sagu, bambu, kayu besi, atau pohon lainnya yang banyak dijumpai di tanah Papua. Fakta yamg tak kalah menakjubkan, kerangka rumah hanya memerlukan delapan batang kayu saja!

Pertanyaan Populer Terkait Rumah Adat Papua

Apa Nama Rumah Adat Papua Pegunungan?

Rumah adat Honai ditemui di daerah pegunungan yang memiliki ketinggian sekitar 1.600 – 1.700 meter di atas permukaan air laut. Tepatnya di lembah Baliem, Kabupaten Jayawijaya, Papua. Honai merupakan sebutan untuk rumah adat yang ditempati oleh laki-laki.

Apakah Rumah Adat Papua Berbentuk Panggung?

Rumah di Papua berbentuk dasar lingkaran dengan rangka kayu dan beratap kerucut yang terbuat dari jerami. Tinggi rumahnya hanya mencapai 2,5 meter. 

Contohnya Rumah Honai dan Ebei memiliki bentuk yang serupa, yaitu lingkaran. Bentuk lingkaran bermakna satu kesatuan dan sehati dalam pemikiran yang sama. Rumah adat ini juga menjadi simbol harkat dan martabat suku Dani.

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Nah, itulah sederet fakta unik dan menarik tentang rumah adat Papua. 

Baca juga:

Yuk Cek 7 Makanan Khas Papua yang Wajib Dicoba, Paling Unik Sampai Terpopuler

Berbentuk Panggung, Ini 4 Fakta Menarik Kajang Leko, Rumah Adat Jambi

Kenalkan Ragam Budaya pada Anak, Yuk, Kenalkan 36 Gambar Rumah Adat di Indonesia

Parenting bikin pusing? Yuk tanya langsung dan dapatkan jawabannya dari sesama Parents dan juga expert di app theAsianparent! Tersedia di iOS dan Android.



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